Shows concentration changes of refractive index in binary systems of molten salts of alkali metals containing nitrite - and nitrate - anions. Refractive indices and molar refraction of the system KNO3 - NaNO2, and NaNO3 – KNO2 affirmed the concept of additivity and linearity of the isotherms changes in the composition.

Keywords: molten salt, nitrites and nitrates of alkali metals, refractive index, refraction

It was found that irradiation with Ar + ions of 03X17H12M2T stainless steel leads to segregation of iron atoms to the surface, and when irradiated with O + ions in the nanoscale surface layers of the steel under study, oxygen accumulates, which is accompanied by the formation of chromium oxide Cr2O3.

Keywords: Ion implantation, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ions, chemical composition, nanoscale surface layers, stainless steel, segregation, strength

Two technological processes are described: be using SDP and FEF. Both processes more economical than conventional.

Keywords: Track Nanomembrane, New US patents

The article presents the results of the use of additives based on non-stoichiometric compounds Mo and W to improve railway greases LZ-CNII and CIATIM 201. In the course of the work, a comparative analysis of the thermophysical and tribological properties of these lubricants with additives was carried out. It was also established that the introduction of lubricants of this type of additives into the dispersion medium improves the tribological properties without deteriorating the performance parameters of these lubricants.

Keywords: plastic lubricant, LZ-CNII, CIATIM 201, friction, wear resistance, lubricating film, antifriction additive, non-stoichiometric

Plasmonic nanoparticles make it possible to localize the electromagnetic field at scales smaller than the optical wavelength. This property is useful for the application of same objects for the creation of nanodetectors, in the processes of energy conversion and storage, in the tasks of data processing and transmission. In particular, the creation of computer chips with plasmonic elements instead of traditional semiconductors will increase their performance and energy efficiency. Our main purpose is obtaining implanted in the matrix of glass the arrays of plasmonic nanoparticles with controlled optical properties. Their properties can be varied by changing the conditions of their synthesis and post-processing. Nanoparticles are created by UV-laser influence on the gold film, precipitated on the glass surface. One of the proposed methods is long-term heating at 300 ̊C of already synthesized samples. This research presents the results of the study of the effect of temperature treatment on the atomic structure of Au nanoparticles. The study of the nanoparticles atomic structure was performed by using EXAFS-spectroscopy at the Au L3-edge. EXAFS-functions were fitted by using Stepwise EXAFS fitting-code, obtained models of the NPs atomic structure were confirmed by using DFT-optimization. The fact, that the atomic structure of NPs before and afted thermal treatment is strongly dependent of the thickness of initial gold layer (6, 10 and 70nm), is established. These differencies can be explainde by different interaction between gold film & NPs and glass matryx.

Keywords: nanoparticles, Au, nanoplasmonics, EXAFS, DFT, atomic structure

The article presents an analysis of promising research on the formation of vibrational mechanochemical coatings from the point of view of practical use in the real sector of the economy

Keywords: combined methods of treatment, vibration treatment, the vibration mechano-chemical (chemical-mechanical) coverage webrevolve technological system, mechanical coating, fragmentary nature, plastic deformation, uniform coating, vibrowave impact, microstructu

In this paper, we present a review of the use of colloidal solutions in the preparation of inorganic composites and ceramics. Sol-gel direction in the technology of ceramics and inorganic composites, which is the formation of materials from solutions using sol-gel processes, has been intensively developed in recent years. One of the main types of raw materials in these processes are colloidal solutions - sols of oxides of various metals. The most important factors characterizing the perfection of the process of synthesis of sols are aggregative stability, the maximum attainable concentration, monodispersity of the sol. In the presented review, methods for obtaining metal oxide sols. The most common methods of obtaining sols are dialysis and electro dialysis, ion exchange, peptization of gels, hydrolysis and electrolysis of metal compounds. The influence of various factors on the stability of sols. The most important characteristics of sols that determine their behavior are chemical composition, particle size, their size distribution, concentration, pH value, viscosity. Based on the analysis of various literature data, we have shown the possibilities of using sols for the preparation of inorganic composites and ceramics.

Keywords: colloidal solutions, sols of metal oxides, stability of sols, inorganic composites, ceramics

Installation for the preparation of emulsions and suspensions refers to devices intended for the preparation of disperse systems. It can be used in the synthesis of polyhydric alcohols and other organic and organometallic compounds, where the immiscible liquids interact. The installation comprises a hydraulic jet mixer pump connected to the outlet of a hydromechanical dispersion pump. The installation comprises one or more components of the dispensing systems, each of which consists of a supply container and the dispenser. Technical result of the installation is created by intensifying the process of mixing and improving the quality of the final products.

Keywords: technological installation; emulsion; suspension; preparation of emulsions and suspensions; intensification of heterophase processes

The paper presents the results of studies on the effect of deposition regimes on the properties of electrochemical copper powders. The obtained ultradispersed powders of copper and application of different regimes of electrolysis. The paper presents data on the possibility of obtaining ultrafine copper powders (UDP) in pulsed mode with the addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a particle growth stabilizer. The influence of the current amplitude and the cathode-anode time ratio is revealed. It is shown that the parameters determining the current wave determine the size of the deposited copper powder particles.

Keywords: ultradispersed copper powders, particle size distribution, the parameters of the electrolysis of, kinetics of electrocrystallization

Experimental studies on the formation of nanoscale structures on the surface of gallium arsenide were carried out. To obtain a modified layer on the substrate surface, the method of focused ion beams was used, and the method of plasma-chemical etching was used for the subsequent formation of structures. According to the research results, structures with a width of 90 to 196 nm and a depth of 2 to 9.6 nm were formed. The results of the studies can be applied as structures for the subsequent formation of quantum dots during molecular beam epitaxy.

Keywords: Nanotechnology, focused ion beam, plasma treatment, atomic force microscope, GaAs

The relevance of the study of two-dimensional periodic graphene gratings in the terahertz range is described. The structure under study and the results of calculation of scattering and reflection diagrams of multilayer structures are presented.The relevance of the study of two-dimensional periodic graphene gratings in the terahertz range is described. The structure under study and the results of calculation of scattering and reflection diagrams of multilayer structures are presented.

Keywords: Golovacheva E.V., Ivanova I.N., Gribnikova E.I., Makhno V.V.

The local atomic and electronic structure of PANI / Cu nanocomposite was studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. It was found that as a result of the formation of a nanocomposite, the polymer chain is transformed by π electronic subsystem and changes local structure of copper. Polyaniline in composite is partially oxidized and protonated.

Keywords: polyaniline, polymer-inorganic composites, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, electronic structure, conductive polymers

It has been established that the concentration of cholesterol mesogenic esters in lubricants ambiguously affects the microrelief parameters and the tribotechnical characteristics of a steel 45 – steel 45 friction pair. %, the best indicators of friction and wear of metals, on the contrary, are realized with an increase in the concentration of cholesterol esters in lubricating compositions.

Keywords: lubricant, cholesteric liquid crystal, microrelief on friction surface, coefficient of friction

The article considers examples of obtaining silica sols by ion-exchange methods. An analysis was made of the factors of this method that affect the properties of the resulting sols. The principal technological scheme of an industrial plant for the production of silica-sol by an ion-exchange method were considered. The results of studies of the sol-gel transition in silica-sol obtained by the ion exchange method were presented. The growth kinetics of colloidal silica-sol particles, which were obtained from solutions of polysilicic acid, was investigated. The dependence of the growth kinetics of colloidal particles from solutions of polysilicic acid on the temperature and on the initial pH of the sol was shown. The dependence of the gel time on the dimensions of the colloidal particles in the ash, on temperature, concentration and pH, was shown. The effect of the composition of the liquid phase on the stability of silica sols was established. Influence of the charcoal characteristics on the properties of the xerogels obtained. The effect of silica powder on the properties of the xerogels obtained was analyzed. An analysis of the possibilities of the practical application of silica powder as a binder in the preparation of heat-resistant heat-shielding composite materials was carried out.

Keywords: silica-sol, ion exchange, sol-gel technology, stability of sols, xerogels, composite materials

The article considers examples of obtaining silica sols by ion-exchange methods. An analysis was made of the factors of this method that affect the properties of the resulting sols. The principal technological scheme of an industrial plant for the production of silica-sol by an ion-exchange method were considered. The results of studies of the sol-gel transition in silica-sol obtained by the ion exchange method were presented. The growth kinetics of colloidal silica-sol particles, which were obtained from solutions of polysilicic acid, was investigated. The dependence of the growth kinetics of colloidal particles from solutions of polysilicic acid on the temperature and on the initial pH of the sol was shown. The dependence of the gel time on the dimensions of the colloidal particles in the ash, on temperature, concentration and pH, was shown. The effect of the composition of the liquid phase on the stability of silica sols was established. Influence of the charcoal characteristics on the properties of the xerogels obtained. The effect of silica powder on the properties of the xerogels obtained was analyzed. An analysis of the possibilities of the practical application of silica powder as a binder in the preparation of heat-resistant heat-shielding composite materials was carried out.

Keywords: silica-sol, ion exchange, sol-gel technology, stability of sols, xerogels, composite materials

This article analyzes the regularities of precipitation of solid colloidal particles of hydrated metal oxides on the surface of various substrates. Two models of this process are proposed. The proposed α-model is a process of continuous nucleation of interaction centers, at random points of a free surface throughout the process. The proposed β-model provides for the instantaneous nucleation of these centers when they are randomly distributed over the entire surface of the substrate. Based on the proposed models, the average values of the following values are calculated: the thickness of the gel film; its roughness and specific surface area. The calculations carried out in the article showed that these parameters are universal functions of the degree of filling of the surface and do not depend on the specific model of the mechanism of the process.

Keywords: modeling, homogeneous precipitation, formation of thin films, sorbents, catalysts, heat-resistant composites

The analysis of the influence of heating on the depth of polymerization of composite materials of light curing is carried out. An electronic micrometer was used to measure the polymerization depth. The greatest difference in the depth of polymerization before and after heating was obtained from Filtek ULTIMATE "3M ESPE" composite material. The smallest difference in the depth of polymerization before and after heating of Nexcomp "MetabioMEDCo". After heating, the plastic and flow properties of the materials are improved, which improves the adaptation to the walls of the cavity during the restoration.

Keywords: Light-cured composite materials, polymerization, heating of composites, micrometre

This work relates to the technology of inorganic substances. It can be used in the production of aluminum-silicon and iron-silicon flocculants-coagulants. With their help, methods for treating wastewater from industrial enterprises, as well as storm water containing oil products. In this paper, concrete examples of the research results on the purification of natural, industrial and oily wastewater. With the use of new nanocomposite silica-alumina and iron-silicon flocculants-coagulants ASFC and ISFC, obtained by the new technology. The authors have developed and patented the technology of obtaining flocculants-coagulants of this type in solid form. Method of matrix isolation of active components has been used to prepare such composite materials. Performance evaluation was given to the action of coagulants, flocculants and ASFC ISFC. A comparison was made with the new composite materials commonly used for these purposes the conventional art, coagulants - aluminum sulphate and iron sulphate. With their help, the methods of treating wastewater from industrial enterprises, as well as storm water containing oil products. An assessment was made of the effectiveness of the action of coagulant flocculants ASFC and ISFC on real industrial wastewater.

Keywords: reagent purification of water, Natural water, Wastewater, Flocculants-coagulants, Matrix isolation, Nanocomposites; ASFC, ISFC

The paper presents the results of studies of the process of hydrated alumina homogeneous precipitation. The variants of this process are considered. As the most convenient embodiment of this process, precipitation of hydrated alumina from its salts using auxiliary substances. As such auxiliary substances, it is proposed to use urea. Urea hydrolysis proceeds slowly even with heating, which allows a homogeneous precipitation process under the most mild conditions. It is shown that the process of hydrolytic precipitation in the aluminum salt-urea system proceeds according to the dissociative mechanism SN1. For SN1, a two-step mechanism is characteristic, in which the first step is slow monomolecular hydrolytic dissociation, followed by a rapid coordination reaction with the second reagent. To determine the nature of the interaction of the aluminum salt with alkaline agents, experiments were conducted on potentiometric titration of the aluminum salt with solutions of ammonia and sodium hydroxide in the presence of various amounts of ammonium chloride and urea. When titrating with sodium hydroxide solution, the process proceeds to the formation of sodium aluminate, titration with a solution of ammonia produces a precipitate of hydrated alumina. Addition of ammonium salts shifts the equilibrium of the hydrolysis reaction towards the formation of aluminum hydroxide. The presence of urea virtually does not affect the course of the deposition process. To determine the uniformity of the formed sediment, the laser radiation scattering method. For these purposes, a special installation has been created that allows the capillary to be scanned through a focused laser beam. The homogeneity of the hydrated alumina precipitate formed was shown. Studies have been carried out on the use of homogeneously precipitated aluminum hydroxide as a binder in lightweight fibrous refractory materials. The process of precipitation of aluminum hydroxide particles proceeds primarily on the filler fibers, covering them with a thin film. The resulting film acts as a gluing agent. After drying and calcination, the gel deposited by the thin film becomes a solid that binds the fibers into a single monolith. The resulting materials have a developed specific surface area and porosity.

Keywords: homogeneous precipitation, hydrated alumina, composite materials, urea

This article presents the results of studies on the effect of the erbium chelate complex on the processing of secondary raw materials from polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

Keywords: polyethylene terephthalate, recycling, extrusion, polyisobutylene, chelate complex of erbium.

Investigation of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with molecular systems gives most of the information about their structure and properties. Interpretation of experimental data is directly determined by the knowledge of the structure of energy levels and its change in the transition of these systems to an excited state. A key task of the methods for calculating the molecular orbitals of excited states is to accurately describe the emerging vacancies of the molecular core, leading to radial relaxation of the electron density. A method is proposed for an exact description of the electron density of a molecular system near its nuclei, which provides solutions to the problem of slow convergence of molecular orbitals in a single-center representation. The implementation of the computational procedure is examined using the example of a diatomic hydrogen fluoride molecule. The energy characteristics of the ground and ionized states of the molecule are estimated

Keywords: single-center method, molecular orbital, excited state, ionized state, deep shell

The processes of extraction and processing of oil and oil products are accompanied by negative consequences at the level of the environment in the form of accidents. They act both on the water area and on land. This article is devoted to the liquidation of emergency oil and oil products spills with the help of natural sorbents. For the analysis, three readily available materials were taken in the national economy of the Russian Federation: wool, wheat straw and sawdust. The main indicative value for the sorbent is its oil capacity (sorption capacity) the amount of absorbed oil, which depends on the degree of specific surface of the material. The higher the specific surface area, the higher the sorption capacity. To determine the oil capacity, each of the materials was placed on a flat surface and artificially contaminated with oil for one hour. During the experiment, the absorbent capacity of the sorbents was determined, which for each proved to be different. Based on the data, graphs are constructed that clearly show the applicability of a material.

Keywords: Oil, oil products, extraction, oil consumption, material, sorbent, absorption, adsorption, accident, liquidation

The aim of the paper is to investigate the interaction of two such pulses when they propagate through the sample. The urgency of few-cycle pulses study is associated with a large number of possible practical applications in various fields of science and technology (from medicine to the study of ultrafast processes). The modeling of the electromagnetic field evolution based on the Maxwell`s equations supplemented by an equation determining the behavior of the electric current in the system. Electrons were described in the long-wave effective Hamiltonian in the case of low temperatures. As a result of the study, the dependence of the shape of the few-cycle optical pulse on its initial velocity and initial amplitude was revealed. When a pair of few-cycle optical pulses interacts in the film of a topological insulator, several new pulses are formed. After a collision, they begin to propagate fairly stable with conservation of the acquired amplitudes. The effect, associated with the steady spread of pulses after the collision, may be useful in the development of hybrid devices based on the effect of light interaction with electrons of the topological insulator.

Keywords: few-cycle pulses, topological insulator, collision

We described the technology of obtaining low pour point, winter and arctic diesel fuels from petroleum raw and found the way to realize it in Russian Federation. Was described the state of manufacture and quality requirements. We showed that synthetic motor fuels obtained from natural gases with GTL technology are perspective replacement for petroleum fuels. Using reference and patent data's, technology of the conversion Fischer - Tropsch products into synthetic diesel fuels with low Cloud point was reviewed. This technology applied on single-reactor process.

Keywords: diesel fuel, winter and arctic diesel, oil, natural gas, GtL technology, Fischer – Tropsch synthesis, products, conversion

In this paper the method of electrochemical oxidation/dispersion of zinc using pulse alternating current with average density of 0.2:1.2 A/cm2 was used. The mixture of ZnO and Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O (simonkolleite) was obtained. The application of this product as a photocatalyst provides a practically full removal of methylene blue dye under UV light. When the sample is calcined at 400 °С the decomposition of simonkolleite with a ZnO formation occurs. It is accompanied by decrease in surface area and photocatalytic activity of the material.

Keywords: zinc oxide, nanoparticle, simonkolleite, pulse alternating current, morphology, photocatalysis, methylene blue