This article is devoted to the development of a method for detecting defects on the surface of a product based on anomaly detection methods using a feature extractor based on a convolutional neural network. The method involves the use of machine learning to train classification models based on the obtained features from a layer of a pre-trained U-Net neural network. As part of the study, an autoencoder is trained based on the U-Net model on data that does not contain images of defects. The features obtained from the neural network are classified using classical algorithms for identifying anomalies in the data. This method allows you to localize areas of anomalies in a test data set when only samples without anomalies are available for training. The proposed method not only provides anomaly detection capabilities, but also has high potential for automating quality control processes in various industries, including manufacturing, medicine, and information security. Due to the advantages of unsupervised machine learning models, such as robustness to unknown forms of anomalies, this method can significantly improve the efficiency of quality control and diagnostics, which in turn will reduce costs and increase productivity. It is expected that further research in this area will lead to even more accurate and reliable methods for detecting anomalies, which will contribute to the development of industry and science.

Keywords: U-Net, neural network, classification, anomaly, defect, novelty detection, autoencoder, machine learning, image, product quality, performance

motion of the body are obtained, which can only be solved numerically. The equilibrium equations are solved and the basic stationary modes of body motion are obtained. The main result is the most gentle body planning mode. In the matlab computer mathematics system, a set of programs is written that searches for a numerical solution and outputs trajectories. The movement of the modes under consideration is modeled and the stability of the main modes is looked at using numerical calculations.

Keywords: body, planning mode, stability, geometric dimensions

The paper offers one of the variants of construction and use of fuzzy query mechanism for modeling of telecommunication network state estimation. The modular architecture of the application is considered in detail, the logic of calculating the degrees of belongingness to each term of the selected linguistic variables is described, the stages of the algorithm of work with the mechanism of fuzzy queries are given.

Keywords: fuzzy query, search, membership function parameters, state estimation modeling, database, knowledge, fuzzy classification

This paper examines and compares two neural networks, U-Net-Attention and SegGPT, which use different attention mechanisms to find relationships between different parts of the input and output data. The U-Net-Attention architecture is a dual-layer attention U-Net neural network, an efficient neural network for image segmentation. It has an encoder and decoder, combined connections between layers and connections that pass through hidden layers, which allows information about the local properties of feature maps to be conveyed. To improve the quality of segmentation, the original U-Net architecture includes an attention layer, which helps to enhance the search for the image features we need. The SegGPT model is based on the Visual Transformers architecture and also uses an attention mechanism. Both models focus attention on important aspects of a problem and can be effective in solving a variety of problems. In this work, we compared their work on segmenting cracks in road surface images to further classify the condition of the road surface as a whole. An analysis and conclusions are also made about the possibilities of using architectural transformers to solve a wide range of problems.

Keywords: machine learning, Transformer neural networks, U-Net-Attention, SegGPT, roadway condition analysis, computer vision

The work is devoted to the problem of providing electrical energy to remote production enterprises in the absence of a centralized power supply. The purpose of the work is to develop decision support tools for choosing autonomous power generation projects from a large number of possible alternatives. To achieve this purpose, a hierarchy of criteria was constructed and a comparative analysis of existing technical and economic solutions in the field of small-scale autonomous energy was carried out. It is shown that when choosing a power generation project for a particular enterprise, there is a fairly large number of alternatives, which makes the use of commonly used decision support procedures based on the hierarchy analysis method/analytical network method (in the classical version) ineffective. An iterative procedure with dynamic changes in feedback between criteria and alternatives is proposed, which makes it possible to reduce the dimension of the supermatrix during the calculation process and, thereby, reduce the time complexity of the algorithms. The effectiveness of the proposed modification of the analytical network method is confirmed by calculations. The constructed procedure for selecting an autonomous power generation project makes it possible to increase the level of scientific validity of technical and economic decisions when expanding the production activities of small enterprises in remote and sparsely populated areas.

Keywords: autonomous power system, decision support, analytical network method

The factors affecting the strength of the interlayer bond of 3D concrete, as well as factors affecting the ability of the printer nozzle to produce a controlled concrete thread of a particular composition, which is being investigated in the process of 3D printing technology, the main characteristics of the suitability of compositions for printing on a 3D printer, requirements for rheology, hydration and strength in an uncured form, are considered 3D concrete, the main mechanical test methods for determining the adhesion strength in concrete printed on a 3D printer. The possible shapes and nominal sizes of the samples used in the methods for determining the strength of concrete are given.

Keywords: 3D concrete, anisotropy of mechanical properties, extrusion, cold connection, interfacial coupling, deflocation, thixotropy, initial static viscosity, curing, three-point bending

The article discusses issues related to the level of existing technological development and the role of information impacts in the modern world. The necessity of an interdisciplinary approach in training an information security specialist is substantiated. A number of examples are considered on the historical material, indicating the causal relationship between actions in the information space and the events of the material nature, the scale of the consequences has been noted. The process of forming a value system and the potential possibility of changing it are considered. The influence of the level of development of information delivery means on the effectiveness of information impact is noted. An example of using media content to transmit non-verbal signals is given. Using the example of cinematographic products, the principles of deformation of the system of traditional values through the introduction of a new term and a change in attitude towards it are considered. The need for additional measures to counter information threats is substantiated. Ways to reduce the risk of negative consequences from harmful information influences are proposed.

Keywords: information space, information security, information threat, information delivery tools, information impact, counteraction of the threat

Over time reinforced concrete construction tend to lose their strength properties. An important factor in maintaining the integrity of reinforced concrete structures is the compliance of the parameters of the erected structure with its design values and operating conditions. Otherwise, the likelihood of defects such as the formation of cracks in the protective layer and corrosion of reinforcement increases. There are methods for restoring reinforced concrete structures that can return the strength characteristics to the design level or even exceed it.

Keywords: restoration of the protective layer, repair, inhibitor, adhesion, corrosion, penetrating waterproofing, chemical anchor, foundation, shotcreting

The paper presents a new approach to assessing the level of contamination with heavy metals of the soil-like fraction from landfills using Monte Carlo simulation using the example of landfills located within the borders of Volgograd.It was found that with a probability of 36.2%, the contamination level of a soil-like fraction from the landfill located in the Voroshilovsky district will correspond to moderately hazardous, and with a probability of 63.8%, hazardous. It is economically justified to isolate a soil-like fraction with a low level of pollution to detoxify it and further use it in the territory reclamation. For a soil-like fraction from landfill located in the Traktorozavodsky district, the pollution level was determined as extremely hazardous and hazardous with a probability of 87.1% and 3.1%, respectively. It is shown that a useful and usable part cannot be isolated from a soil-like fraction. A soil-like fraction must be neutralized and placed at waste disposal facilities.The presented approach is a useful instrument for pollution level assessment of a soil-like fraction, which can increase the accuracy of an estimate and the management effectiveness of a soil-like fraction during landfill development.

Keywords: landfill, soil-like fraction, heavy metals, pollution level, Monte Carlo method, modeling

The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the fact that currently there is no linking of the calendar plan to the schedule for the development of capital investments. The principle of constructing a schedule for the development of capital investments is proposed, which ensures the uniformity and proportionality of the use of financial resources. Schedules for the development of capital investments are constructed, each schedule for the development of capital investments corresponds to an image describing the change in the absolute value of the profitability of the investment and construction project. The use of a mathematical apparatus describing the movement of a material point can be used in the development of investment schedules and calendar plans for construction. The construction of construction schedules in the section of the construction organization project based on investment schedules will have a significant impact on the economic efficiency of investment projects.

Keywords: construction schedule, investments, return on investment, development of capital investments, duration of construction, efficiency of capital investments

This article analyzes data processing problems for training a neural network. The first stage of model training - feature extraction - is discussed in detail. The article discusses the method of mel-frequency cepstral coefficients. The spectrum of the voice signal was plotted. By multiplying the vectors of the signal spectrum and the window function, we found the signal energy that falls into each of the analysis windows. Next, we calculated the mel-frequency cepstral coefficients. The use of a chalk scale helps in audio analysis tasks and is used in training neural networks when working with speech. The use of mel-cepstral coefficients significantly improved the quality of recognition due to the fact that it made it possible to see the most informative coefficients. These coefficients have already been used as input to the neural network. The method with mel-frequency cepstral coefficients made it possible to reduce the input data for training, increase productivity, and improve recognition clarity.

Keywords: machine learning, data preprocessing, audio analysis, mel-cepstral coefficients, feature extraction, voice signal spectrum, Fourier transform, Hann window, discrete cosine transform, short Fourier transform

The article considers the information modeling of the building frame of a complex shape in the plan. The Dynamo program for Autodesk Revit is used to build the geometry. The main goal was to achieve uniform color pressure maps when blowing a building using simulation modeling in an Autodesk CFD PC. The research method is numerical (finite element method). The LIRA-CAD software package was used. The finite element method was used to select the shape of the building and adjust its design scheme to achieve reliability and efficiency. The analysis of the structural elements of the object on the effect of wind loads, taking into account the pulsation component of the wind load, is carried out in order to improve the design decisions made.

Keywords: information modeling, finite element method, building frame, node system, modal analysis, waveforms

The article presents the development of a software tool for modeling the influence of physical processes occurring in a single-mode optical fiber as a result of bending deformation. Model of bending deformation of single-mode optical fiber is considered. Classical and refined models of deformation and their influence on the optical fiber params are given. The initial data required to implement the software tool is discussed in detail. The development of the modeling program was gradually considered. The specifics of the implemented program obtained during the computational experiment are indicated.

Keywords: mathematical modeling, optical fiber, bending deformation, modeling of deformed fiber behavior, computational experiment, software

The paper considers the possibility of using waste from the forest industry, construction waste and ash and slag waste from boiler heating as a basis for the creation of biofertilizers and components that improve the structure of heavy soils. The analysis of experience on the impact of crushed bricks, coniferous and leaf litter with the inclusion of wood components, and ash and slag waste of boiler heating on the growth functions of red clover and watercress over various time intervals is presented. The possibility of using the presented waste in the process of self-infestation of territories is considered. A number of experiments have been conducted to identify the phytotoxic effect, as well as the reaction of general inhibition or stimulation of growth indicators of higher plants when used as a substrate in pure form, or a mixture with natural soil, wood components, samples of ash and slag waste of various shelf life, brick fighting.

Keywords: forest industry waste, construction waste, broken bricks, ash and slag waste, self-fouling, phytotoxicity, soil structure, morphological changes of plants

The article presents a mathematical model for assessing the applicability of intelligent chatbots in the context of studying dialects of foreign languages. The model is based on the analysis of key parameters and characteristics of chatbots, as well as their ability to adapt to various dialects. The model's parameters include questions, answers, evaluation criteria, types, and costs of errors. The quality of the chatbot's responses is evaluated both according to individual criteria and overall. To test the effectiveness of the proposed method, an experimental study was conducted using the dialects of the German language as examples. During the research, such intelligent chatbots as ChatGPT-3.5, GPT-4, YouChat, Bard, DeepSeek, and Chatsonic were evaluated. The analysis of the results of applying the developed mathematical model showed that at present, the models by OpenAI (ChatGPT-3.5 and GPT-4) offer the broadest range of possibilities. ChatGPT-3.5 demonstrated the best results in communication in Bavarian and Austrian dialects, while YouChat excelled in the Swiss dialect. The obtained results allow for important practical recommendations to be made for selecting intelligent chatbots in the field of studying dialects of foreign languages and serve as a basis for further research in the area of evaluating the effectiveness of educational technologies based on artificial intelligence.

Keywords: large language model, chatbot, quality assessment, foreign language learning, artificial intelligence technology in education