The article considers ecological and landscape features on the example of modern realized objects of wine tourism in the South of Russia. Based on the analysis of a number of new winery facilities and publications on this issue, some features in the context of modern architecture and its enotourism component are identified. Conclusions are made about the conformity of these features to the global modern trends in the design of buildings, such as environmental friendliness and resource conservation, respect for the landscape. On the example of the considered objects the hypothesis that the techniques of architect's work with the environment in conjunction with the original architecture increase the tourist attractiveness of wine production in general is confirmed.

Keywords: architecture, winery, enotourism, agritourism, landscape, project, landscaping, volume and planning solutions

The article considers the problem of architectural and spatial formation of the local area of multi-storey residential areas from the point of view of psychophysiological perception. Negative and positive examples of the organization of local areas are given. An analysis of the architectural and spatial organization of the residential environment in specific residential areas of St. Petersburg was carried out. The features of the integration of “internal” and “external” in the formation of space directly at the “border” of street and house are revealed using examples of world architecture. Techniques for the architectural organization of open spaces in the local area, based on examples of foreign and domestic practice, have been identified.

Keywords: living environment, local area, courtyard, architectural space, scale, internal and external space

The article examines the historical stages of the development of architecture in Russia, in order to identify the features of the aesthetic interaction of residential architecture and production. The general historical process of mutual influence, borrowing of features and compositional techniques is investigated. The characteristic features of interaction and their determining factors are revealed. The trends of further development of residential and industrial architecture are predicted.

Keywords: industrial architecture, residential architecture, architecture of Russia, Soviet industrial architecture, architectural styles, stylistic borrowing in architecture, history of architecture of Russia

This article discusses the practical development of an adaptive scheme for converting an internal environment into an external one using the example of an architectural unit (model) of glamping. A special classification of the types of adaptability applied to the model is formulated. The target direction of the consideration is based on the definition of an adaptive architecture object, the transformation of which will be able to provide flexibility and mobility of the environment depending on human needs, as well as on the identification of architectural, planning and constructive solutions of the object to ensure a strong relationship between the optimally functional filling scheme and the configuration of the adjacent territory. In order to achieve maximum results in this direction, the principles of efficiency and simplicity of the architectural structure are highlighted. redistribution of investments in interests of the organization and development of new production on available floor spaces. The most important organizational economic targets of a diversification of management are presented by innovative activity of the industrial enterprise.

Keywords: transformation, adaptive architecture, function, architectural volume, structural element, plastic facades, operation of an architectural structure

The main architectural landmark of the city of Nalchik, the capital of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, is the building of the Sosruko complex, distinguished by its unusual architecture and built in the 70s of the 20th century. The authors of the article turned to the symbol of the city because it is 55 years old and is a unique architectural ensemble. Sosruko is a wonderful monument of brutalist architecture that is visible from every corner of the city. This is evidenced by well-deserved awards and prizes for the originality of the design. Thanks to such buildings, which influence the image of the city, the architecture of the native land will not be the same and faceless. In our time, talented builders and architects should raise issues of preserving architectural heritage, and also remember the best works of architects who have made an invaluable contribution to the development of the construction industry of the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria.

Keywords: architecture, construction, Kizilovka, Nartiya, Sosruko, Nart epic, ensemble, chairlift route, mountain slope, loose soil rocks

This article discusses the fundamental possibility of constructing an architectural form using a single parameter. The principle of such shaping of a structural element of a building’s structural scheme is formulated and analyzed. Particular attention is paid to assessing the rationality and feasibility of using the form as public or residential architecture. Emphasis is placed on the presence of sufficient areas for human habitation in the internal space, despite the initially ambiguous visual effect of the external appearance of the building. The main idea of the argument is based on the mathematical justification of harmony in nature and architecture.

Keywords: harmony, architectural volume, architectural design, parameter, parametricism, monoparametricism, structural rigidity, straight line, point, geometric body

The article deals with a unique historical structure of Karachay-Cherkessia, the Adiyukh Tower, which several centuries ago was surrounded by an inaccessible wall of the settlement of the same name. In the article, in connection with the history of the construction of the tower, the era is analyzed, and the importance of this building in the life of the population living in the surrounding area is determined. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the historical monuments of Karachay-Cherkessia remained unstudied until a certain time, although they certainly reflected the life and culture of the people. Reconstructing the past by excavating and studying the ruins left behind by external destruction and located in the North Caucasus has long been a priority for many local (and not only) scholars, particularly archaeologists and historians. The main result of the research was a detailed description of the structural and cultural features of the Adiyukh Tower, which is naturally one of the most important values of the history and culture of Karachay-Cherkessia.

Keywords: Adiyukh tower, Karachay-Cherkessia, legend, North Caucasus, settlement, architectural structure, fortress, loophole, window openings, parapet

The article is devoted to the issues of new construction of Orthodox temple facilities and complexes. This process is considered on the example of the St. Petersburg experience of carrying out work on the revival of the spiritual heritage of the city. The construction of new churches challenges architects to choose between the established canons of church construction adopted in the past and the realization of their creative and spiritual priorities, as well as a stylistic response to the task. This allows us to state the various decisions of the temples, despite their common canonical context. The purpose of the article is to study the stylistic trends of the new church architecture: their correspondence to the context of the selected location, the surrounding development.

Keywords: St. Petersburg, Orthodox temple architecture, history of church construction, objects of religious architecture, architecture, shaping, new construction of temples, stylistic solutions

The creative function of architecture is characterized primarily by practical and creative display, impact, redefinition, organization the available space: from settlement systems to individual architectural objects. At the beginning of the 21st century, architectural activity again finds itself in a turning point, in connection with the information revolution, the active development at the post-industrial society and globalization, which accompany and force a shift in the main paradigms in the architectural styles of the past century. The conditions of global information, technological and cultural integration create the need to change the logic for traditional (classical) techniques at the formation an architectural space. The purpose of the research is to analyze the possibilities at the peculiarities for applying traditional and innovative techniques and means in implementing creative ideas for the results of architectural activity. The research hypothesis includes the assumption that it is necessary to integrate modern capabilities, primarily in the field information (digital) technologies into creative activities to form an architectural space of various sizes and purposes. As a result of the research, areas of rational application of traditional and innovative methods of organizing architectural space were identified.

Keywords: diversification of management, production diversification, financial and economic purposes of a diversification, technological purposes of ensuring flexibility of production

This article discusses the basic architectural and planning principles of designing underground architecture facilities, such as: organization of natural lighting, functional zoning, visual interaction with the environment and spatial planning solutions. Based on the listed principles and practical examples, the article emphasizes the importance of these aspects in the design of underground structures, summarizing modern approaches and the influence of principles on the formation of harmonious, stable underground facilities.

Keywords: underground architecture, urban infrastructure, sustainability, safety, organization of natural lighting, functional zoning of underground spaces, visual interaction of the environment, spatial planning solutions of underground spaces

Defensive structures of the Middle Ages were (and are) unique objects both in historical, architectural, and engineering terms. They intertwine the eras of many peoples and ethnic groups. Their development was influenced by a large number of factors. Their detailed analysis is the purpose of this work.

Keywords: defensive structures, architecture, fortress, construction, architectural appearance, stages of development, Kazan yurt

This article represents the initial stage of research on the material layer of the architectural-natural environment of the mountainous territories of North Ossetia. The study involves analyzing and studying the traditional settlement structure in this region, taking into account architectural-compositional features. The main goal of the research is to understand and describe different architectural approaches used in traditional settlements of North Ossetia. To achieve the set goals, the study utilizes geographic information systems and programming. Geographic information systems enable the analysis of spatial data and visualization of compositional forms of settlement structures in mountainous territories. Programming allows automating data processing and analysis processes. The research also takes into account the natural and landscape features of the region. Natural conditions of the mountainous territories of North Ossetia influence architectural decisions, such as material usage, adaptation to uneven terrain, and more. It is important to understand how architectural-compositional features are combined with natural features and contribute to the formation of sustainable and harmonious settlements. The obtained results of the research will have practical value for the preservation and use of traditional architecture and cultural heritage of North Ossetia. They can be used in the planning and design of new settlements, considering the unique architectural-compositional features of this region and with the aim of preserving its unique cultural and natural environment.

Keywords: settlement structure, mountainous territory, composition, shape, natural landscape, relief, architectural composition, North Ossetia, Alania, mountain settlement

The article considers foreign examples of sustainable and regenerative architecture of multifunctional residential complexes. The purpose of the research is to identify promising trends, innovative approaches and distinctive features of each of the directions. Their main innovative solutions, advantages and disadvantages are revealed. A comparative assessment of both directions was carried out. As a result of the research, the continuity of the principles from sustainable architecture to regenerative architecture was revealed. The distinctive features of the latter are the practice of "replenishing" the environment and a larger scale of intervention. Interventions may include biomimicry to simulate nature, air purification in buildings, water purification structures or carbon-trapping architecture, etc. Shifting the emphasis from a sustainable architecture to a regenerative one will allow us to develop a more effective strategy for solving climate and biodiversity problems that society suffers from today.

Keywords: sustainable architecture, regenerative architecture, regeneration, design, multifunctional residential complex, residential architecture

The article studies the peculiarities of architecture of enterprises and small-scale energy facilities in the urban environment. A number of problems arising in the interaction of small-scale energy facilities with urban development and their placement in the urban space are described. The prerequisites of architectural and spatial classification of small-scale energy facilities are emphasized. Classification of types of small-scale energy facilities by functional, urban planning, volume-spatial and compositional features is proposed. The requirements to the architecture of small-scale energy objects and their integration into the architectural and spatial context at the present stage are formed. The identified requirements and types of small-scale energy objects create a methodological basis for the formation of adaptive approaches and promising directions for the harmonization of these objects in the structure of urban spaces.

Keywords: architecture, small-scale energy facilities, urban environment, integration, harmonization, classification features

From the preservation of historical character to the introduction of environmental practices and the promotion of cultural adaptation, these methods together rethink the sustainable evolution of industrial buildings, illustrating their global prevalence and profound impact on the creation of functional, culturally resonant and visually attractive public spaces.

Keywords: renovation of an industrial building, sustainable architecture, reconstruction, energy conservation, energy efficiency, environmental friendliness, green architecture, eco-friendly design, architectural and environmental renovation

In the research the characteristic features of the historical appearance of the Vyritsa village on the base of its architectural and urban structure, features of the location of cultural heritage sites and precious landscape objects, on the base of which the stratеgy defining these main priorities, criteria and directions of protection of historical appearance are worked out . The concept of complex preserving of architectural and landscape environment of Vyritsa with creating of possibilities of effective using of these territories with the most display of its historical and cultural, memorial and museum potential.

Keywords: culture landscape, architectural and landscape revitalization, identity of settlement, sustainable development of the territory

The article raises the problems of preserving historical architectural and natural complexes on the example of the Peter and Paul Park in Yaroslavl. In the Introduction to the article, attention is drawn to the importance of the problem of preserving historical monuments of architecture or art not only in the capital cities, but also on the periphery. The following are the main methods used in the work to assess the state of the architectural and park ensemble, to identify its characteristic architectural and landscape features and to develop a theoretical conservation model. In the main part of the article, the historical stages of the formation of the architectural and park ensemble of the Peter and Paul Park, their influence on the final appearance of the ensemble are considered; a comparative analysis with similar architectural and park ensembles is given, common characteristic features are identified and the principles of the formation of the Peter and Paul Park are established. As a result of the conducted research, a model of preservation of the Petropavlovsk architectural and park ensemble of Yaroslavl is proposed, presented in the form of a master plan of the park territory, which contains proposals for the reorganization of the territory, pedestrian park network and restoration of historically significant structures. In the final part of the article, the main conclusions based on the results of the study are formulated.

Keywords: architectural and park ensemble, Peter and Paul Park, Yaroslavl Big Manufactory, regular layout, theoretical model of conservation

Strengthening coastal industrial buildings during reconstruction is crucial in the field of sustainable development. This article discusses the key architectural methods of building improvement during renovation, including strengthening the foundation, improving the facade, installing shock-resistant windows and doors, structural modernization and the use of eco-friendly design. Renovation of coastal industrial buildings solves existing problems, mitigates coastal climatic hazards, and also increases the safety and sustainability of cities.

Keywords: renovation of an industrial building, sustainable architecture, reconstruction, coastal area, facade modernization, energy saving, energy efficiency, foundation modernization, improvement of the building structure, environmental friendliness, green roof,

The article formulates a functional-spatial “portrait” of a home in gardening for Novosibirsk and Rostov-on-Don, and establishes a trend in the construction of houses with an expanded set of functional zones. Scientifically based structural models of housing have been developed based on the dominant function (profile) of the house; work, rest and health improvement, cultural and family leisure, and options for combining them in the structure of one house and plot. Volume-spatial solutions for the distribution of the dominant function of housing in the structure of the house and on the site in the conditions of the existing development, regional characteristics, type of residence (recreational and permanent) for Rostov-on-Don and Novosibirsk are proposed.

Keywords: housing, dacha architecture, gardening infrastructure, structural models of housing, volumetric-spatial solutions, functional models of housing, recreational living, garden house, Siberian dacha, southern dacha

This comprehensive study is aimed primarily at determining the features of the formation and development of shopping and fairgrounds in the context of the principles of continuity of the architectural and planning structure of cities. The identification of the main city-forming factor in various historical periods in this work is a fundamental and necessary stage of analysis. The relevance of this study is due to the need for a comprehensive reconstruction of citywide spaces formed initially as retail areas in the historical core of cities. The article considers the features of the layout and development of shopping and fairgrounds in such cities of the Lower Don and Azov region as Rostov-on-Don, Taganrog and Nakhichevan-on-Don in the period from the middle of the XVIII to the beginning of the XX centuries. The influence of economic and general political processes that took place in the country on the development of trade in the region and, consequently, on the definition of trade as the main functional specifics of the studied cities is studied. The role of retail spaces in the structure of master plans at various stages of urban development is determined. The main elements of the development of retail areas in various historical periods are revealed. The interrelation of the functional significance of squares with their shape, location relative to the main thoroughfares and the original planning core of the city is established. Historically formed and preserved to this day, the main shopping areas in the cities of the Lower Don and the Azov region still remain significant citywide centers. The problem of complex reconstruction of retail areas located in the historical core of the city makes relevant research aimed at identifying the patterns of their formation and determining the features of development. Earlier, the author identified the main periods of architectural and planning evolution of the cities under consideration in the context of the designated object of research. Based on this periodization, a comprehensive analysis of various factors (historical, economic, socio-political, etc.) that influenced the appearance and architectural and planning development of shopping and fairgrounds in the structure of cities is carried out in this work. The following methods were also used in the course of the work: search, analysis and comparison of various graphic materials (diagrams, maps, master plans, project proposals, historical photographs, primary text documents); field surveys and photo fixation; classification and systematization of the results obtained.

Keywords: city square, trade, Rostov-on-Don, fair, Taganrog, Nakhichevan-on-don, Novocherkassk

The article analyzes the features of aspects of architectural activity in relation to the integration of cultural heritage objects into the structure of the modern urban environment. The cultural and historical environment, expressed in the format of material and artistic and aesthetic symbols and formations, remains a significant urban planning factor, a material objects of cultural heritage (subject-spatial structure of the cultural environment) they are considered as the most important city-forming elements that are in continuous interaction with other functional zones of the urban environment. Reorganization of the historical part of the urban environment or integration of objects of cultural and historical heritage the functional and territorial framework of a modern city appears to be multifactorial, a complex and responsible task of architectural design.

Keywords: modern architecture, urban environment, cultural and historical resource, traditions, heritage and modernity

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that historical areas of cities and individual buildings that are objects of historical and architectural heritage were once built on pile foundations. Until the beginning of the 20th century, wooden elements, usually up to 9.0 m long, were laid as piles at the base of buildings and structures, which over a long period of operation received defects and damage in the form of damage by soft rot up to the complete destruction of the heads. The purpose of the work is to study the stress-strain state of the pile foundation at successive stages of development of defects and damage. The work systematizes the results of examinations of wooden piles and other elements located in the ground for a long time; laboratory studies of the actual operation of piles in water-saturated silt-clay soils were carried out. The results of field and laboratory studies are included in the calculation apparatus implemented by the finite element method in an elastoplastic formulation. The authors showed the actual operation of pile foundations of historical and architectural heritage objects at successive stages of pile damage and obtained a calculation model at the stage of complete destruction of the pile heads. Laboratory and theoretical studies have shown that in the modern practice of preserving objects of historical and architectural heritage, there is a vicious practice, which consists in the fact that they often strengthen the foundations in cases where there is no need for this, and sometimes it is even harmful.

Keywords: cultural heritage sites, artificial foundations, piles, wood, water-saturated soils, structures, technical expertise

This paper examines the impact of regulations on cultural heritage protection zones on the cost of land plots intended for hotel accommodation. The application of the theory of fuzzy sets to assess the influence of cultural heritage objects on the value of commercial land plots is substantiated. The result of the study is a methodology for estimating the share of the value of a commercial land plot attributable to the presence of a cultural heritage protection zone, based on the methodology for determining easement fees and the theory of fuzzy sets.

Keywords: hotel, historical and cultural monument, phasification, market value, cadastral value, type of permitted use, term-set, restrictions of use, adaptation, sustainable development

The article is devoted to an integrated approach and the role of youth participation in the design of youth environment facilities. The object of the study is the design solutions of the youth environment, including youth centers participating in the program of renovation of youth environment facilities. The author has set himself the tasks: - Define the concept of youth environment. - To consider the experience of involving young people in the design of youth environment facilities on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan. The work was carried out on the basis of more than 30 renovation projects of youth facilities implemented in municipalities of the Republic of Tatarstan. The study revealed that today a high—quality and comfortable urban environment is one of the conditions of competition for human capital. Programs have been launched in Tatarstan to solve a number of social problems, among them the state program Development of youth policy in the Republic of Tatarstan for 2019-2025"". An integrated approach plays a significant role in the formation of youth spaces. One of the most important aspects of the integrated approach is to attract young people to form a new quality environment, of which they will be users.

Keywords: youth environment, youth centers, methodological approaches in design, participation

The article analyzes the architectural and compositional features of the resort architecture of the city of Sochi using the example of three sanatoriums, which are unique objects of high historical and architectural value for the city’s historical and cultural environment. The authors examine the volumetric-spatial features and compositional solutions of buildings created in the 1930s. The analysis is presented using the example of the following sanatoriums: sanatoriums named after K.E. Voroshilov, “Gornyiy vozduh” and Lengorzdrav (named after S.M. Kirov). In the final part of the article, conclusions are drawn about the architectural and compositional features of the resort architecture of the 1930s in the city of Sochi. The article is published based on the results of the research work “Volume-spatial features of the period of constructivism in Sochi using the example of sanatorium-resort facilities”, as part of a grant competition for research work by students of St. Petersburg State University of Civil Engineering in 2023.

Keywords: resort architecture of Sochi, architectural and compositional features, sanatorium, constructivism, marine facade, spatial structure